![]() ![]() For both regions, an index time series is constructed from the arithmetic mean of all stations that have data at the specific month. : for each component (sea level pressure anomalies and wind stress in the zonal and meridional direction), the grid point that shows the highest correlation within 250 km around the station is used as regressor. For each station, to reduce the interstation variability, the local effects of wind stress and atmospheric pressure on sea level are removed using simple multiple linear regression with time series from the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, similar to the method of Dangendorf et al. All stations have a long (50+ years) record, are not subject to known datum instability, and are in proximity of a permanent GPS station. The tide gauge stations have been divided into two regions, based on their location, as shown in Figure 1a. We have obtained monthly tide gauge (TG) records from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL). The modeled sea level is compared to tide gauge observations in the North Sea and along the Norwegian coast. GPS observations are used to account for vertical land motion (VLM) that cannot be explained by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) and present‐day mass redistribution effects. We use a combination of models and observations to determine the influence of mass and steric effects on sea level trends and interannual to decadal variability. To date, no studies exist that explain the observed sea level trends in this region. The decadal variability has also been extensively studied and has been linked to wind‐driven coastally trapped waves, which can travel large distances along the shelf edges. Sea level rise in this region is widely recognized. This region has a dense network of tide gauges, and frequent hydrographic measurements are conducted in the surrounding northeast Atlantic Ocean. In this paper we present a study into the sea level budget at the Northwestern European continental shelf over the period 1958–2014. ![]() , who studied regional trends, and found an acceptable agreement for most basins, but for individual tide gauge stations, large deviations occur. ![]() One of the first attempts to close the regional sea level budget on multidecadal time scales has been made by Slangen et al. Knowledge about the origin of trends and variability of regional mean sea level on these longer time scales is of key importance for determining future regional sea level rise, which is needed to ensure coastal safety. On time scales longer than the satellite era, closing the sea level budget on regional scales still forms an open challenge. Multiple studies have been undertaken to explain the observed global trends over the past few decades by looking into the sources of sea level change. However, the presence of multidecadal variability hampers the estimation of long‐term trends from short records. The emergence of remote sensing techniques and the global Argo program has allowed closure of the sea level budget over the last decade by direct observations of mass and steric components, both on global and regional scales. On regional scales, large deviations from the global mean trend are observed, as well as significant variability on interannual and decadal scales. Sea level rise is one of the most important consequences of climate change. ![]()
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